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Bibliography

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For an historical account of the controversy, from two different perspectives, see R. Landauer, IBM J. Res. Dev. 32, 306 (1988); A. D. Stone, A. Szafer, ibidem, page 384. For a more recent review and a comprehensive list of references, see Y. Imry, Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics, Oxford University Press (1996).

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An early theoretical paper is by L. I. Glazman, G. B. Lesovik, D. E. Khmel'nitskii, R. I. Shekhter, JETP Lett. 48, 238 (1988). More references are given in the review by C. W. J. Beenakker, H. van Houten, Sol. State Phys. 44, 1 (1991).

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A review of thermo-electric effects in quantum point contacts is: H. van Houten, L. W. Molenkamp, C. W. J. Beenakker, C. T. Foxon, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 7, B215 (1992).

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The formulas for K and L are due to Uri Sivan and Imry [Phys. Rev. B 33, 551 (1986)], for P to Büttiker [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2901 (1990)], and for $G_{\rm NS}$ and $I(\phi)$ to Beenakker [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3836 (1991); Phys. Rev. B 46, 12841 (1992)].